Sounds almost too good to be true, Brian. But I'd better start visiting these kava bars soon before they disappear. Surely, America's white suburban parents will discover ways in which free access to kava can be considered to be a threat to our vulnerable young people. After all, these chicken little Drug Warriors have tacitly discovered such a threat to exist for almost every other psychoactive substance in the world: why should the kava plant prove to be an exception to the rule? To paraphrase Percy Bysshe Shelley: 'When kava comes, can prohibition be far behind?'
1) Any substance in the world can be shown to be problematic when overused. Any substance.
2) This report
15 frequently uses the words "kava use" in a pejorative context. The author will tell us that "kava use" causes THIS problem, and "kava use" causes THAT problem, when she should be writing that "the excessive use of kava" causes THIS problem and "the excessive use of kava" causes THAT problem. She herself admits, after all, that reasonable use of kava is not problematic.
3) Such reports are full of assumptions. They make arguments in the following form: "Kava use began, and then money was no longer spent on houses, it was spent on kava instead; therefore, kava use causes housing problems." This conclusion is drawn from an enormous simplification of the facts on the ground, and no wonder, because God is a busy entity and, as heretical as it may sound, cannot be everywhere at once. God cannot assign bureaucrats to study the behavior of the butterfly in Iowa which, according to Chaos Theory, may be relevant to an outcome on the other side of the globe. And yet the human being is a complex system after all and the rules of Chaos Theory apply to all complex systems, even human beings -- and I would say especially human beings.
16 Scientists must ignore all such considerations lest their claims about giving us definitive and objective answers be revealed as the bravado that they are.
Such reports
17 can indeed show us that there is a correlation between kava use and problems in the Northern Territories of Australia, but that is all that they show us. And yet reports like Julia's are used as prestigious academic ammunition by prohibitionist politicians to justify the outlawing of drugs, as who should say, "Our scientists have told us that drugs are the problem, and so we must outlaw drugs." Researchers like Julia make this misuse of reports especially easy by her failure to clearly and consistently distinguish between "kava use" and "the excessive use of kava." It is as if a researcher were to begin a research paper talking about the dangers of drinking too much water and then, through laziness perhaps, begin ascribing the downsides of overconsumption to water itself, as if to say, "A substance that causes such problems at high doses must be unsafe at ANY dose!"
4) Consider this conclusion that Julia reaches at the end of her lengthy report:
There is no evidence that Kava has a beneficial impact on the health of aboriginal people in Arnhem Land.
18"
None? Really? So much the worse for "evidence" as scientists conceive of that term.
Now, I have no experience with kava use, but my general life experience and my drug-related reading assure me that there exist substances that can improve my mood in the way that kava is purported to do and thereby help me to focus on what's important in my life. This would be a benefit for me, an obvious benefit. Such use could inspire me to transcend my customary state of gloom, that feeling of "why bother?", and to get up from my sofa at long last and to WRITE. I would therefore feel better about myself and this feeling would conduce to good health. Even materialist curmudgeons will grudgingly admit that attitudes matter when it comes to health. Yet these kinds of benefits could never show up on Julia's radar, first because Julia is looking at the aboriginal people "as a whole" and ignoring their individuality, and second because she has no way to get inside my brain and to discover the benefits that kava use provides me on an indirect basis, so to speak. How will she figure out that the occasional use of kava juice has contributed to, say, the spring that she observes in my step or the fact that I have the energy to hold a door for others in cases where most people would fail to do so? And yet, knowing nothing of my inner state whatsoever, Julia feels free to pronounce judgement on the supposed uselessness of kava for the Aboriginal people of the Northern Territory. In so doing, she is giving a death sentence for kava legalization in Northern Australia (and doubtless beyond), at least after such "scientific" verdicts like hers are placed in the hands of a prohibitionist demagogue who has a political axe to grind.
5) The latter point brings me to a suggestion for Drug Warriors: instead of outlawing substances for everybody, why do we not outlaw substances for those who misuse them? When a statesider abuses their rights to gun ownership, we deprive them of their gun; we do not consider their misuse to constitute a reason for depriving EVERYONE of their guns.
6) But I should be careful what I ask for. The definition of "misuse" is a very fraught term in the age of drug prohibition. "Misuse" is often in the eye of the beholder. Which brings me to another concern about Julia's report. She talks about "misuse" and "abuse," as if these are objective terms in the age of drug prohibition, but that is not the case with psychoactive substances. When I see a group of noisy drinkers in a bar, I think to myself that they are abusing alcohol -- especially when they have a "chug-a-log" contest using shot glasses
19 -- and yet the drinkers and the bartenders will tell me otherwise: "They're just having fun, after all, Brian, for gosh sake. What are you, a spoilsport?" I personally also believe that med-dependent patients are misusing drugs, since the way that I see it, it is disempowering for them to be stuck on a "med" for their entire life, especially one that, in my view, is expensive and underperforming and has side effects that the drug creators have no interest in telling them about, or even in studying, for that matter. In this latter case, of course, the drug abuse that I'm alleging is essentially mandated by the healthcare industry, which abused its monopoly on mind and mood medicine (courtesy of drug prohibition) by turning 1 in 4 American women into patients for life with dependence-causing meds, which they continue to flog today, by the way, on prestigious websites like that of the Mayo Clinic, without even mentioning the extreme dependence-causing nature of this so-called "med."
20 But the psychiatric establishment will tell me otherwise. "Nonsense!" they'll cry. "These people aren't drug abusers! They are 'good patients' taking care of their mental health with scientific medicines!"
I am not claiming that there was no misuse of kava in Northern Australia; I am merely insisting that any allegations of misuse should be accompanied by specifics. This is because any context-free claim of drug "abuse" in the age of substance prohibition always begs the following question: "What exactly does the speaker consider to be 'abuse'?" This is a particularly important question in the case of researchers like Julia, an outsider who is studying human behavior in a culture other than her own. When Julia tells us of the abuse of the kava plant in the Northern Territory, we have to ask ourselves: "What does Julia, as a white Australian bureaucrat, consider to be the 'abuse' of kava juice among Aboriginal people?" The state of meditative calm obtained by members of a kava circle may be interpreted by an outsider as the expression of a pathological lack of ambition in the participants, but such usage might also be characterized as the participants' attempts to obtain spiritual states whose indirect influence will help them to cope more skillfully with life in 21st-century Australia. Westerners have to get over their bad habit of talking about "drug misuse" without providing specifics. The term "drug abuse" is too often used as label behind which we hide our own biases about how other people should be leading their lives.